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- Rendering part 1 / December 1996
-
-
- In the first of a new series, we take at look at the past
- and present of image rendering on the Amiga.
-
- Ray Tracing and the Amiga go back a long way, as anyone old
- enough to remember the Juggler demo will tell you. The Amiga
- was the first affordable computer that could create
- realistic images out of thin air. To its credit, it was also
- the first that could display them with enough colours.
- However, that was a long time ago when the A500 was
- state-of-the-art and I earnt the occasional crust by
- reviewing awsome hardware such as an 68020 accellerator and
- unbelievable software like Sculpt3d.
-
- Things have come along way since then, and rendering is
- pretty much par for the course these days with high profile
- programs such as Babylon5 and practically all big feature
- films demonstrating how good computer graphics can look.
-
-
- What is Rendering?
-
- A Rendering program takes a three dimensional model held in
- computer memory and creates a two dimensional image. The
- model is created using a special program which allows its
- shape, colour other attributes to be altered as the user
- sees fit.
-
- The model can then be placed in a virtual world, moved
- around and scaled. Other objects can be included such as
- light sources to provide illumination, backdrops and the
- ground. A virtual camera can then be positioned, and pointed
- in the right direction. Finally the image will be rendered,
- as the computer determines what the camera would "see". The
- image is then displayed or saved to disk.
-
- Picture: model.iff
- Caption: Rendering programs allow you to create and place
- objects anywhere in your virtual world.
-
- The sums involved can be extremely complicated, and so
- rendering the image can be a time consuming task. Even on
- the fastest Amiga, a detailed high-resolution image can take
- many hours to create. That said, a simple image in
- low-resolution can be generated on even an unexpanded A1200
- without a few moments.
-
-
-
- How does Ray Tracing work?
-
- Ray tracing is a special case of image rendering. Not all
- image rendering is Ray Traced, far from it. Most of the
- images you'll see are instead generated with "scan line"
- algorithms which calculate how the image appears line by
- line, pixel by pixel. For every pixel the computer arranges
- the objects by depth and calculates which the camera would
- see. It takes into account the colour and texture of the
- objects, and how any light reaching them will make them
- appear.
-
- Ray Tracing works slightly differently. Every pixel in the
- display is imagined as a beam of light reaching the camera.
- The software then traces it back into the scene, calculating
- how it will have been reflected off surfaces or distorted by
- passing through transparent objects. Ray Tracing takes a lot
- longer than scan line algorithms, but it makes it possible
- to accurately create shadows and complicated optical
- effects. A lot of the time you won't need to use Ray Tracing
- until the very end of the creation process and even then, it
- still may not be necessary.
-
- picture: rayscan.jpg
- caption: The image of the left has been scanline rendering,
- the image on the right has been ray traced. Can you spot the
- difference?
-
-
-
- Different packages available
-
-
- There are still a reasonable number of image rendering
- packages available the Amiga, and most are still in
- development. Some have been with the Amiga for as long as it
- has existed, others are relatively new. All are capable of
- creating excellent images.
-
-
- Imagine (im4.iff)
-
- Imagine is one of the original image rendering programs
- on the Amiga, having been called "Turbo Silver" in past
- lives. It's currently in release 4.5 (the .5 was merrited by
- the addition of ARexx and CyberGraphics support).
-
- Imagine is an excellent package, although it can seem a more
- than a little complicated to beginners. Once you get the
- hang of its multiple editor screen approach, it becomes
- reasonably easy to use. Imagine's vast library of special
- textures are nothing short of fantastic.
-
- If there was one problem with Imagine, it would be its
- non-standard Amiga interface. It doesn't look or act like an
- Amiga program: in fact, the PC version is indentical in all
- respects.
-
-
-
- Cinema4D (cin.iff)
-
- Cinema4D is the most recent package, and it's being
- distributed by HiSoft in the UK. It's user interface is very
- modern and a complete contrast from Imagine. Like Imagine
- though, objects are built up using tiny surfaces called
- "facets". This makes it possible to create extremely
- accurate copies of real objects, although it can take quite
- a while.
-
- Cinema4D has a very easy to use inverse kinematics system
- which makes it easy to animate complicate objects, such as
- human figures. There are other nice touches, such as the
- fractal object animator which makes it a five second job to
- manufacture complicated landscapes.
-
-
- Real3D
-
- Real3D works in a different way from other packages in
- that objects are constructed from primative objects which
- can be manipulated in all manner of different ways. It can
- be easier for the beginner, because it's a lot like making
- models from clay or modelling bricks.
-
- The hierarchical structure used by Real3D is also superb, as
- every object can be easily planned and constructed from
- smaller parts. However, the most amazing feature is the
- ability of Real3D to deal with objects as though they were
- real: objects can have "mass" and when "pushed" they react
- realistically. This makes animation very easy, for example a
- pile of bricks will collapse in a totally convincing way.
-
-
- LightWave
-
- LightWave is the tool of the professional, and it really
- put the Amiga on the rendering map. Originally part of the
- VideoToaster bundle, LightWave is currently a stand-alone
- product and is at release 4 on the Amiga. Although it might
- appear a pretty ordinary package, the images it produces are
- incredibly smart: smart enough to be used in Bablyon5, Star
- Trek and Seaquest.
-
- LightWave is easy to use, and offers some very powerful
- features, such as built-in support for network rendering.
- Reflecting its ability and pedigree, LightWave is also very
- expensive. In many ways it lacks features which are present
- in Imagine and Real3D, but no other software has captured
- the essence of image rendering in quite the same way.
-
-
- Others
-
- There are still other rendering packages doing the
- rounds, although they are no longer under active
- development. Names like Caligari and Aladdin 4D were once
- popular on the Amiga, but many have past on to pastures new
- (i.e. PCs).
-
-
-
- Different applications
-
- There are many reasons for exploring image rendering. Like
- all creative pasttimes It's great fun of course, and very
- addictive. Rendering makes it possible to create amazing
- animations. For example, if you are keen on making your own
- pop videos or short films, generating scenes on computer can
- not only give your work a particular "look", but also save a
- lot of money on sets or detailed models.
-
- Rendering is perfect for creating special effects, and once
- you get to know the features of your rendering packages,
- your imagine is you only limit.
-
- As an Art form, computer genenerated rendering is still
- growing in popularity, with one obvious example being
- organic works of artists such as William Latham -- what you
- thought he drew all that by hand?
-
-
-
- ---
-
-
- ex1.jpg -- Render your own Album cover. A 3D package makes
- it possible to get results which can not be achieved
- with traditional paint programs.
-
- ex2.jpg -- Unleash your imagination. Combine ready made
- objects with your own work to create realistic or bizarre
- images.
-
- ex3.jpg -- With all the Amiga 3D rendering packages, you can
- output images in 24bit format: that means over 16 million
- colours and a lot of detail, and remember you can still load
- then into a package like Photogenics for more processing...
-
-
-
- box out: Desirable Hardware
-
-
- If you are serious about image rendering, you'll need to
- splash out on a little, or maybe a lot of, extra hardware.
- The complexity of the rendering process means that a fast
- processor is essential, so aim for a fast 68030 or better. A
- maths-copressor (FPU) will make a large difference, because
- all rendering programs will detect and make use of the
- faster maths abilities.
-
- Memory is important too, especially if you are dealing with
- complicated models, lots of textures or high-resolution
- images. As much as possible is the general rule, but try for
- at least 8Mb. If you are interested in creating animations,
- the more memory you have the better: more ram means longer
- and smoother playback.
-
- A hard drive is so useful I shouldn't have to even mention
- it. Having to load and save objects and images to and from
- floppy is such a tedious business it can quickly drain you
- of any creativity. Put it high on your list.
-
-
- Box out: What next?
-
- What get's covered in the coming months is in many ways up
- to you! If you would like to see a particular topic covered,
- then please get in touch either c/o the CU Amiga office or
- direct by email to johnk@infosys2.thegap.com. If you have
- created any 3D images which are good examples or particular
- techniques or simply stunning pictures in their own right,
- please send them in so we can include them.
-
- -- end --